Temporomandibular Joint

First of all, “What is the temporomandibular joint?” should be answered. The question is necessary before the next steps. The temporomandibular joint is located on either side of the face, just in front of the ears. It can be abbreviated as TMJ. Its function is to attach the lower jawbone to the skull. It helps with movements such as chewing and speaking.

There is discomfort associated with the temporomandibular joint. Its name is a "Temporomandibular joint disorder". It refers to dysfunction caused by any reason seen in TMJ. TMJ and TMD can be confused naturally.

TMD occurs when the muscles and ligaments around the jaw joints become inflamed. In some cases, it may seem insignificant, while in other cases it can have serious consequences.

Causes of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

TMJ disorder can occur due to damage to the jaw joints or surrounding tissues. The main causes of TMD are:

• Teeth grinding,
• Arthritis,
• Stress,
• Acute trauma,
• A bite that forces the jawbone.

How Is TMD Diagnosed?

TMJ disorder is usually diagnosed during a dental exam. While the movement of the mouth is checked, the face and chin are also pressed to identify the problematic area. X-rays may be taken to view the jaw joints and determine the extent of the damage. By using panoramic X-rays, a comprehensive examination of the teeth, jawbone, and TMJ can be performed.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides multiple images of the teeth, jaw, and facial bones. It is also possible to make these images 3D.

In some cases, it is necessary to view the soft tissues inside the jaw joints. Here, magnetic resonance (MR) comes into play. All these methods give the surgeon a chance to examine the TMJ in detail.

How Is TMD Treated?

TMD treatments range from simple self-care practices to traditional treatments, from injections to open surgery. Surgeons often want to begin with non-surgical treatments and prefer surgery as a last resort.

If open joint surgery is to be performed, the patient is given general anesthesia. Open surgery is a traditional procedure that involves a long incision. It is preferred in cases where the bony structures forming the jaw joint are damaged, tumors in or around the TMJ, or serious damage to the joint.